Biomedical Engineers Blog

 reason for lethargy Lethargy is a condition characterized by a lack of energy and motivation. It can have many causes, including: Lack of sleep or poor quality sleep Dehydration Infection or illness Anemia Chronic fatigue syndrome Depression or anxiety Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) Diabetes Chronic pain Certain medications Substance abuse (alcohol, drugs, etc.). It's important to speak with a doctor if you are experiencing persistent lethargy, as it may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition that requires treatment.

  Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by liver dysfunction resulting in buildup of toxic substances in the blood, which can affect brain function. Common causes of liver dysfunction include: Cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver Acute liver failure Chronic liver disease Hepatitis (viral liver inflammation) Excessive alcohol consumption Toxins or medications that damage the liver Portosystemic shunting (bypass of blood around liver) Electrolyte imbalances, such as high levels of ammonia.

how kidney produces ammonia? Kidneys produce ammonia as a byproduct of nitrogen metabolism in the urea cycle. The urea cycle takes place in the liver and the kidneys, and converts excess nitrogen into urea, which is then excreted in the urine. During this process, some nitrogen is converted into ammonia and used as a source of energy by the cells. Ammonia is toxic in high concentrations, so it is quickly converted into urea and excreted from the body.

SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) | explained   SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses gamma rays to create images of the functional activity and structure of organs and tissues in the body. A radioactive tracer is injected into the patient and emits gamma rays, which are detected by a camera that rotates around the body. The data collected is processed to create cross-sectional images of the distribution of the tracer in the body, providing information on blood flow, metabolism, and other physiological processes. SPECT is used to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders.

  PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) | explained PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines two diagnostic techniques: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT). In a PET scan, a radioactive tracer is injected into the patient and produces gamma rays that are detected by the PET camera, which creates images of metabolic activity in the body. In a CT scan, X-rays are used to create detailed images of anatomy. The PET-CT combines these two techniques to provide both functional and anatomical information in a single scan. It is used in medical diagnosis for conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders.

 Chat GPT in biomedical engineering ChatGPT is a large language model developed by OpenAI that is trained on a wide range of texts and can generate human-like responses to natural language prompts. In the field of biomedical engineering, ChatGPT could be used in several ways, such as: Natural Language Processing (NLP): ChatGPT could be used to process and analyze large amounts of unstructured data from medical literature, clinical notes, and other sources, to extract relevant information and insights. Medical documentation: ChatGPT can be trained to automatically generate medical reports, summaries, and other types of documentation based on input data, which could be useful for clinicians and researchers. Virtual assistants for medical decision making: ChatGPT could be used to create virtual assistants that can help doctors and other healthcare professionals make decisions by providing information and guidance based on the latest research and evidence. Medical education and training: C

 Difference between clinical engineering and biomedical engineering explained Clinical engineering and biomedical engineering are both fields of study within the broader field of biomedical engineering, but they have distinct differences in their focus and applications. Clinical engineering is the application of engineering principles and techniques to the design, development, and maintenance of medical equipment and systems used in healthcare settings. It deals with the management of medical equipment and technology used in hospitals and clinics, including the selection, procurement, installation, maintenance, and repair of medical devices and systems. Clinical engineers also work on the integration of technology into healthcare systems and the training of healthcare professionals on the use of technology. On the other hand, biomedical engineering is a broader field that encompasses a wide range of research and applications related to the intersection of engineering and medicine. It i

postdoctorate fellowship in biomedical engineering A postdoctoral fellowship in biomedical engineering is a period of advanced training and research that follows the completion of a PhD. The main goal of a postdoctoral fellowship is to provide individuals with the opportunity to continue their education and gain additional research experience in a specific area of biomedical engineering. During a postdoctoral fellowship, individuals will typically work with a mentor or supervisor who is an expert in the field. They will conduct research, write and publish papers, and present their findings at conferences. The research during a postdoctoral fellowship will typically build on the work done during the individual's PhD, but can also involve new areas of research. Postdoctoral fellows in biomedical engineering will have the opportunity to develop new skills and expertise in a specific area of biomedical engineering. They will also have the opportunity to collaborate with other researche

 PhD in biomedical engineering Biomedical engineering is a field of study that combines principles of engineering and biology to design and develop new medical technologies and devices, as well as to improve existing ones. A PhD in biomedical engineering is a research-based degree that prepares students to become experts in the field and conduct original research in areas such as biomedical imaging, bioinformatics, biomechanics, and biomaterials. During a PhD program in biomedical engineering, students will typically take a combination of coursework and research. The coursework will cover advanced topics in biomedical engineering such as medical imaging, biomaterials, bioinstrumentation, and biomechanics. Students will also conduct original research under the guidance of a faculty advisor. The research will typically focus on a specific area of biomedical engineering, such as developing new medical devices or improving existing ones, understanding the mechanisms of disease, or developi

 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTMRI)  explained Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a type of MRI scan that uses the diffusion of water molecules in the brain to create images of the brain's white matter tracts. White matter tracts are made up of long, thin nerve fibers that carry information between different parts of the brain. DTI allows us to see these tracts in detail and can be used to study brain disorders and injuries that affect white matter, such as multiple sclerosis or traumatic brain injury. DTI is based on the principle of diffusion, which is the random movement of water molecules in the body. By measuring the diffusion of water molecules in different directions, DTI can create maps of the brain's white matter tracts and identify any disruptions or abnormalities in those tracts. This technique can provide valuable information about the structure and integrity of the white matter in the brain, which is important for understanding the brain's function and connectivit

Functional mri explained | fmri Functional MRI (fMRI) is a type of MRI scan that uses blood flow to indicate which parts of the brain are active. It works by measuring changes in the oxygen levels in blood flowing through the brain, which increase in areas where neural activity is taking place. This is done by injecting a contrast agent into the bloodstream, which makes the blood in active areas appear bright on the scan. fMRI is commonly used in research to map brain activity and can be used to diagnose brain disorders and injuries, as well as to study brain function in various cognitive and behavioral tasks.

 Ultrasound imaging in biomedical explained Ultrasound imaging, also known as ultrasound scanning or sonography, is a medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs, blood vessels, and other structures inside the body. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and painless procedure that is often used to diagnose and monitor pregnancy, as well as to evaluate organs and structures such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and kidneys. The basic concept of ultrasound imaging is to use high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal structures. A small transducer, or probe, is placed on the surface of the skin and sends out sound waves that penetrate the body. The sound waves then bounce back off internal structures and are received by the transducer. The transducer then sends this information to a computer, which creates an image of the internal structures. There are different types of ultrasound imaging, including traditional 2D ultrasound,

 CT or computed tomography explained Computed Tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of internal organs, bones, and other tissues. CT scans are often used to diagnose diseases and injuries, and to monitor the progression of treatment. The basic concept of CT is to take a series of X-ray images from different angles around the body and then use a computer to combine them into a detailed 3D image. CT scans work by using X-ray beams to penetrate the body and create an image of the internal structures. The X-ray beam is emitted from a circular tube called an X-ray source and is directed at the body part being scanned. The X-ray beam passes through the body and is detected by an array of detectors on the opposite side. The CT scanner takes multiple X-ray images, each at a slightly different angle, while the patient is moved through the machine. The computer then combines these images to create a detai

 MRI Concept explained easily Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses a powerful magnetic field, radiofrequency waves, and a computer to produce detailed images of internal organs, soft tissues, and bones. MRI allows doctors to visualize the internal structures of the body without the need for X-rays or other ionizing radiation, making it a safe alternative for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The basic concept of MRI is based on the fact that the nuclei of certain atoms, such as hydrogen, have a property called "spin" which can be manipulated by a magnetic field. When exposed to a strong magnetic field, the hydrogen nuclei align themselves with the magnetic field. Then, a radiofrequency (RF) pulse is applied, which causes the nuclei to rotate out of alignment with the magnetic field. When the RF pulse is turned off, the nuclei relax back to their original alignment, and this process generates a small electrical signal that

 Bioenzyme explained A bioenzyme is an enzyme that is derived from a biological source, such as a microorganism or a plant. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. They are responsible for a wide range of biological processes, such as metabolism, digestion, and DNA replication. Bioenzymes are used in a variety of applications, including industrial biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. They are used to catalyze chemical reactions that are difficult or impossible to achieve using traditional chemical methods. In industrial biotechnology, bioenzymes are used to produce a wide range of products, such as biofuels, enzymes for detergents, and enzymes for food and beverage production. For example, bioenzymes such as cellulases and xylanases are used to break down plant fibers into simple sugars that can be fermented to produce biofuels. In medicine, bioenzymes are used to diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases. For example, enzymes such as lactate d

  Concept of Einthoven triangle explained The Einthoven triangle is a concept in electrocardiography (ECG) that describes the location of the three leads (or electrodes) used to record the electrical activity of the heart. The Einthoven triangle is named after Willem Einthoven, the Dutch physician and physiologist who developed the ECG and the Einthoven triangle in the late 19th century. The Einthoven triangle is a theoretical representation of the heart and the location of the three leads. The three leads are positioned at the corners of the triangle and are used to record the electrical activity of the heart. The three leads are: Lead I: This lead is positioned between the right arm (RA) and the left arm (LA) and records the electrical activity of the heart between the right arm and the left arm. Lead II: This lead is positioned between the right arm and the left leg (LL) and records the electrical activity of the heart between the right arm and the left leg. Lead III: This lead is p